Menominee

Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin

Federally recognized tribe headquarters are located in Keshena, Wisconsin.

Language: Menominee (Algonquian)

Historical Origins

The Menominee have lived in Wisconsin for over 10,000 years, making them one of the oldest residents in the region. Their name means "Wild Rice People." They lost land through the 1800s due to misleading treaties and suffered greatly during the 1950s. Coined as the Termination Era, the U.S. government ended its federal recognition officially in 1961.   Sovereignty was restored in 1973 through the Menominee Restoration Act. 

Tribal Sovereignty 

The tribe is run through its own government system, including the police department, court, judiciary system, college,  healthcare system, and forest management program. Sovereignty ensures the Menominee can govern their land, protect their forest, and make decisions concerning their people. However, there are challenges surrounding being sovereign. This includes funding, healthcare needs, and balancing their federal policies. 

Culture and Traditions 

  • Language: The Menominee language is still taught and used through immersion programs. 
  • Food: Common traditional food includes wild rice, maple sugar, fish, and corn. 
  • Sustainable Forestry: They have a world-renowned forest management system.  
  • Art: Basketry and basket weaving, woodcarving, and beadwork are all prominent parts of Menominee culture. 
  • Family/Clans: Menominee clans are organized around animal and kinship systems.
  • Ceremonies: Traditional ceremonies include seasonal feasts, cultural gatherings, and an emphasis on teaching their values to new generations.